马尔凯：科学家与社会学家的那点事( 三 ) 科学的社会学与社会学的科学

Inthissecondtypeofsituation,theresultisatensionbetweenresearchersinvestigatingthenewproblemandcolleaguesintheirformerfield,andthistensioncangraduallyleadtotheestablishmentofnewchannelsofcommunicationandthedevelopmentofwhathasbeencalledanewdisciplinaryutopia,thatis,anewsenseofasharedinterestinacommonsetofproblems,approaches,andobjectivesonthepartofanewgroupingofresearcher.AsW.O.Hagstromhasindicated,thesetwosteps,theestablishmentofcommunicationchannelsandthedevelopmentofadisciplinaryUtopia,“makeitpossibleforscientiststoidentifywiththeemergingdisciplineandtoclaimlegitimacyfortheirpointofviewwhenappealingtouniversitybodiesorgroupsinthelargersociety.

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无疑科学的社会应用之构成科学社会学是人类社会的一种重要的科学思想。它与社会学的科学其实是有相通之处的。社会学之区别于非社会学，区别于不科学的社会学，与无益的社会学，同样需要一种马尔凯式的科学社会学的较真与研究。
It’snodoubt,thatthesocialapplicationofthesciencewhichstructuredthesociologyofscienceiswhatasignificantscientificideologyofthehumansociety.Itactuallysharedcommonpointswiththescientificsociology.Whatthesociologydistinguishedfromthenon-sociology,non-scientificsociology,andthenon-beneficialsociology,isalsoneededacertainkindofMulkay-moderesearchandseriousnessofsociologyofscience.

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顺便说一句，科学固然一定要与社会实践应用联系起来，文学作为一种描述社会生活与思考社会生活的艺术，很显然也是一种与社会学相关的艺术。因此，文学之批评若不考虑社会学因素，则不成其文学之正义。假如只是从感官审美满足的角度，来思考文学，则文学仅仅沦为物质。假如仅仅止于文学，止于二维世界的美学，则文学不免沦为空中楼阁。
Bytheway,althoughthesciencedefinitelyrelatestothesocialapplicationandpractise,theliteratureasanartofdescribingandconsideringthesociallife,isobviouslyakindofartrelatedtothesociology.So,ifthecriticsofliteraturedoesnotthinkoffactorofthesociology,itwillnotbethejusticeoftheliterature.Ifonlyfromaviewofsatisfyingthesense,toconsidertheliterature,theliteraturethenisonlydescendedtosubstanceassuch.Ifonlystopsbeforetheliterature,ceasesintheaestheticsofthetwodimensionworld,theliteraturethenisunavoidablydegradedtobethecastleintheair.（编辑：章闻哲）

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